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This report analyses and compares the content of 94 collective agreements in three low-paid sectors – manufacture of food, leather, textiles and clothes; residential and social care; and retail – across 11 EU Member States and Norway. The report examines how collective bargaining regulates working conditions beyond wages and how these topics have evolved between 2015 and 2022. The findings show that collective agreements improve the job quality of workers in low-paid sectors beyond their pay.

This article provides an update of some of the most important aspects of working time regulation in the European Union, including:

• statutory limits on weekly working time
• annual leave entitlements, as set by law and collective agreements
• estimates of average collectively agreed normal working time, including examples in five specific sectors: chemicals, metalworking, banking, retail and public administration.

This year’s report presents the minimum wage rates for 2025 and how they were set and uprated during 2024. It includes information on countries with and without national minimum wages. In addition, it provides the first comparative overview of how Member States have transposed the Minimum Wage Directive and presents new estimates of the proportion of minimum wage earners and their ability to afford housing. Finally, it summarises research on minimum wages published during 2024.

Date: 25 November 2024

Time: 13:00 – 14:00 Irish Time,

14:00 - 15:00 Central European Time